{"id":5688,"date":"2026-04-01T13:58:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T11:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/laube.mobi\/?page_id=5688"},"modified":"2026-04-01T14:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-04-01T12:06:13","slug":"assut-de-xerta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/laube.mobi\/es\/assut-de-xerta\/","title":{"rendered":"Plaf\u00f3 (5) Assut de Xerta"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\" style=\"--awb-background-position:center top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:170px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:132px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-small:60px;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(222deg, var(--awb-color6) 0%,var(--awb-color4) 75%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1220px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_4_5 4_5 fusion-flex-column fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:34px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:80%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:80%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:70px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\" data-animationtype=\"fadeInUp\" data-animationduration=\"1.3\" data-animationoffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-rotating fusion-animate-once fusion-title-rollIn fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;text-transform:none;--fontSize:68;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><span class=\"fusion-animated-text-prefix\"><\/span> <span class=\"fusion-animated-texts-wrapper\" style=\"color:var(--awb-color1);text-align: center;\" data-length=\"char\" data-mindisplaytime=\"2400\"><span class=\"fusion-animated-texts\"><span data-in-effect=\"rollIn\" class=\"fusion-animated-text\" data-in-sequence=\"true\" data-out-reverse=\"true\" data-out-effect=\"rollOut\">L\u2019ENTORN DE L\u2019ASSUT<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"fusion-animated-text-postfix\"><\/span><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-2 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-rotating fusion-animate-once fusion-title-rollIn fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;text-transform:none;--fontSize:68;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><span class=\"fusion-animated-text-prefix\"><\/span> <span class=\"fusion-animated-texts-wrapper\" style=\"color:var(--awb-color1);text-align: center;\" data-length=\"char\" data-mindisplaytime=\"2400\"><span class=\"fusion-animated-texts\"><span data-in-effect=\"rollIn\" class=\"fusion-animated-text\" data-in-sequence=\"true\" data-out-reverse=\"true\" data-out-effect=\"rollOut\">DE XERTA-TIVENYS<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"fusion-animated-text-postfix\"><\/span><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-2 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-background-position:center top;--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:170px;--awb-padding-right:0px;--awb-padding-bottom:132px;--awb-padding-left:0px;--awb-padding-top-medium:198px;--awb-padding-top-small:215px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:58px;--awb-background-image:linear-gradient(222deg, var(--awb-color6) 0%,var(--awb-color4) 75%);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-stretch fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:calc( 1220px + 0px );margin-left: calc(-0px \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-0px \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_4_5 4_5 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch fusion-animated\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:34px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:22px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:80%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0px;--awb-width-medium:80%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0px;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0px;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:70px;--awb-spacing-left-small:0px;\" data-animationtype=\"fadeInUp\" data-animationduration=\"1.3\" data-animationoffset=\"top-into-view\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-3 fusion-sep-none fusion-title-center fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-one\" style=\"--awb-text-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-margin-top:0px;--awb-margin-top-small:10px;--awb-margin-right-small:0px;--awb-margin-bottom-small:10px;--awb-margin-left-small:0px;--awb-font-size:48px;\"><h1 class=\"fusion-title-heading title-heading-center fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;text-transform:none;font-size:1em;--fontSize:48;line-height:var(--awb-typography1-line-height);\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"a_GcMg font-feature-liga-off font-feature-clig-off font-feature-calt-off text-decoration-none text-strikethrough-none\">L\u2019ENTORN DE L\u2019ASSUT DE XERTA-TIVENYS<\/span><\/p><\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"VeusRiu\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-3 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:29px;--awb-padding-right:48px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-left:48px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_58_68%29%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%2837%2C185%2C206%2C1%29%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221663.56%22%20cy%3D%22206.967%22%20r%3D%22349.995%22%20transform%3D%22rotate%28-45%201663.56%20206.967%29%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1703.05%20674.96c-116.77%20154.952-336.57%20186.262-490.94%2069.933s-184.86-336.246-68.1-491.198l559.04%20421.265z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1280.32%20918.549c-124.14%2071.672-282.874%2029.138-354.546-95.001-71.672-124.14-29.139-282.876%2094.996-354.548l259.55%20449.549z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_58_68%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h1920v954H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 0.14 ;transform: scale(-1, -1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"max-width:1268.8px;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-bottom:12px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-1\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"103\"><strong>CASTELLANO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>El Azud de Xerta-Tivenys<\/strong><br \/>\nEl Azud de Xerta-Tivenys es una infraestructura hidr\u00e1ulica hist\u00f3rica situada en diagonal en el tramo bajo del r\u00edo Ebro, entre los municipios de Xerta y Tivenys. Es una obra de ingenier\u00eda fruto de una largu\u00edsima secuencia constructiva. Sus or\u00edgenes se remontan a la \u00e9poca isl\u00e1mica, cuando se construy\u00f3 un primer azud de unos 6 metros de altura (finalizado en el a\u00f1o 944).<\/p>\n<p>A lo largo de los siglos, el azud fue reforzado y adaptado para mejorar los sistemas de riego. En 1381 se proyect\u00f3 aprovecharlo para iniciar canales de riego, comenzando poco despu\u00e9s las obras del canal de la izquierda y del canal de la derecha. Sin embargo, estos canales no se completaron hasta los siglos XIX y XX, tras un periodo de obras intermitentes.<\/p>\n<p>El azud actual, consolidado a mediados del siglo XIX, tiene aproximadamente 310 metros de longitud, 3,5 metros de anchura en la coronaci\u00f3n, 35 metros en los cimientos y unos 6 metros de altura. Su orientaci\u00f3n diagonal permite derivar el agua hacia los canales de riego de la derecha y de la izquierda, al tiempo que facilita la evacuaci\u00f3n del exceso de agua que desborda por la parte central. Cada comunidad de regantes se encarga de la gesti\u00f3n de su canal correspondiente.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Canales de riego<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>El canal de la derecha del Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nFinalizado en 1857, es el primer gran canal del delta, concebido para la navegaci\u00f3n entre Amposta y La R\u00e0pita. Deriva el agua desde el azud hacia los campos de la margen derecha del Ebro (Baix Ebre y Montsi\u00e0). Tiene una longitud de 52 km y un caudal inicial de 31 m\u00b3\/s, incluyendo un tramo de canal mar\u00edtimo de 10 km. En la llanura deltaica se ramifica en una red de acequias que riegan unas 15.200 hect\u00e1reas, principalmente de arroz, base del paisaje y la econom\u00eda local. Finaliza en Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>El canal de la izquierda del Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurado en 1912 por el rey Alfonso XIII, deriva el agua del azud hacia los campos de la margen izquierda del Ebro, principalmente en la comarca del Baix Ebre. Tiene una longitud de 35 km y un caudal inicial de 17 m\u00b3\/s. En la llanura deltaica se ramifica en una compleja red de distribuci\u00f3n que permite regar unas 12.700 hect\u00e1reas, contribuyendo decisivamente a la expansi\u00f3n de los arrozales y a la configuraci\u00f3n del paisaje caracter\u00edstico del delta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La rampa de peces<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurada en octubre de 2024, es la m\u00e1s grande de Catalu\u00f1a, con 236 metros de longitud y 8 metros de anchura \u00fatil. Act\u00faa como un paso con pendiente suave (2,7%), permitiendo a los peces migradores superar el obst\u00e1culo del azud y continuar r\u00edo arriba.<\/p>\n<p>Esta infraestructura restablece la continuidad fluvial entre Flix y el Delta del Ebro, recuperando el corredor biol\u00f3gico necesario para el ciclo vital de especies como la anguila (Anguilla anguilla), la saboga (Alosa fallax) y la lamprea marina (Petromyzon marinus).<\/p>\n<p><strong>La esclusa de navegaci\u00f3n<\/strong><br \/>\nSituada en la margen derecha, junto a la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica, es una estructura de ingenier\u00eda que permite a las embarcaciones superar los seis metros de desnivel creados por el azud. Garantiza la continuidad del tr\u00e1fico fluvial en el Ebro, tanto para usos tur\u00edsticos como de mantenimiento, recuperando la ruta hist\u00f3rica de los antiguos lla\u00fcts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La central hidroel\u00e9ctrica<\/strong><br \/>\nProyectada en la d\u00e9cada de 1990 y puesta en servicio en 2001, se sit\u00faa al pie de la presa, en la margen derecha del azud, para modernizar el aprovechamiento hidroel\u00e9ctrico del tramo bajo del Ebro. Opera con un salto de unos 6 metros que acciona cuatro turbinas, transformando la energ\u00eda del agua en electricidad, manteniendo la funci\u00f3n de riego.<\/p>\n<p>El agua se devuelve \u00edntegramente al r\u00edo, sin p\u00e9rdida de caudal, y la energ\u00eda generada se evacua mediante una l\u00ednea subterr\u00e1nea de unos 400 metros hasta la red de 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El poblado ib\u00e9rico del Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nEl cerro situado a la izquierda del r\u00edo Ebro, a unos 60 metros de altura, ya era un punto estrat\u00e9gico para los primeros asentamientos humanos. Su ubicaci\u00f3n domina las llanuras agr\u00edcolas de Tivenys y Xerta y controla el r\u00edo, antigua v\u00eda principal entre el Mediterr\u00e1neo y el interior.<\/p>\n<p>Desde el siglo VII a.C. se estableci\u00f3 un poblado ib\u00e9rico que se consolid\u00f3 con estructuras defensivas y urbanas, alcanzando su m\u00e1ximo desarrollo entre los siglos V y III a.C. A inicios del siglo III a.C. sufri\u00f3 una destrucci\u00f3n violenta, probablemente vinculada a la presencia romana, y fue abandonado progresivamente durante el siglo II a.C. Posteriormente fue reutilizado en \u00e9poca medieval.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El molino harinero<\/strong><br \/>\nEl molino harinero del azud, construido en 1575 por iniciativa de la ciudad de Tortosa, aprovechaba la fuerza del agua para moler trigo y producir harina.<\/p>\n<p>Durante siglos fue clave en la econom\u00eda local y el abastecimiento de alimentos, siendo hoy uno de los pocos ejemplos de arquitectura industrial renacentista conservados en Catalu\u00f1a.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"110\" data-end=\"113\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>FRAN\u00c7AIS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Le barrage de Xerta-Tivenys<\/strong><br \/>\nLe barrage de Xerta-Tivenys est une infrastructure hydraulique historique situ\u00e9e en diagonale dans le cours inf\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00c8bre, entre les communes de Xerta et Tivenys. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un ouvrage d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie issu d\u2019une tr\u00e8s longue s\u00e9quence de construction. Ses origines remontent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque islamique, lorsqu\u2019un premier barrage d\u2019environ 6 m\u00e8tres de hauteur fut construit (achev\u00e9 en l\u2019an 944).<\/p>\n<p>Au fil des si\u00e8cles, le barrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9 et adapt\u00e9 afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019irrigation. En 1381, il fut projet\u00e9 de l\u2019utiliser pour initier des canaux d\u2019irrigation, et les travaux du canal de gauche et du canal de droite commenc\u00e8rent peu apr\u00e8s. Toutefois, ces canaux ne furent achev\u00e9s qu\u2019aux XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles, apr\u00e8s une longue p\u00e9riode de travaux intermittents.<\/p>\n<p>Le barrage actuel, consolid\u00e9 au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle, mesure environ 310 m\u00e8tres de longueur, 3,5 m\u00e8tres de largeur en cr\u00eate, 35 m\u00e8tres \u00e0 la base et environ 6 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Son orientation diagonale permet de d\u00e9river l\u2019eau vers les canaux d\u2019irrigation de droite et de gauche, tout en facilitant l\u2019\u00e9vacuation de l\u2019exc\u00e9dent d\u2019eau qui d\u00e9borde par la partie centrale. Chaque communaut\u00e9 d\u2019irrigants est responsable de la gestion de son canal respectif.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Canaux d\u2019irrigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Canal de la rive droite de l\u2019\u00c8bre<\/strong><br \/>\nAchev\u00e9 en 1857, il s\u2019agit du premier grand canal du delta, con\u00e7u \u00e0 l\u2019origine pour la navigation entre Amposta et La R\u00e0pita. Il d\u00e9rive l\u2019eau du barrage vers les champs de la rive droite de l\u2019\u00c8bre (comarques du Baix Ebre et du Montsi\u00e0). Il mesure 52 km de long et poss\u00e8de un d\u00e9bit initial de 31 m\u00b3\/s, incluant un tron\u00e7on de canal maritime de 10 km. Dans la plaine delta\u00efque, il se ramifie en un r\u00e9seau de canaux d\u2019irrigation qui alimentent environ 15 200 hectares, principalement de rizi\u00e8res, base du paysage et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale. Il se termine \u00e0 Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canal de la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugur\u00e9 en 1912 par le roi Alphonse XIII, ce canal d\u00e9rive l\u2019eau du barrage vers les champs de la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre, principalement dans la comarca du Baix Ebre. Il mesure 35 km de long et poss\u00e8de un d\u00e9bit initial de 17 m\u00b3\/s. Dans la plaine delta\u00efque, il se divise en un r\u00e9seau complexe de distribution permettant d\u2019irriguer environ 12 700 hectares, contribuant de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des rizi\u00e8res et \u00e0 la formation du paysage caract\u00e9ristique du delta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La passe \u00e0 poissons<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugur\u00e9e en octobre 2024, c\u2019est la plus grande de Catalogne, avec 236 m\u00e8tres de longueur et 8 m\u00e8tres de largeur utile. Elle fonctionne comme une rampe \u00e0 pente douce (2,7 %), permettant aux poissons migrateurs de franchir l\u2019obstacle du barrage et de poursuivre leur migration vers l\u2019amont.<\/p>\n<p>Cette infrastructure r\u00e9tablit la continuit\u00e9 fluviale entre Flix et le delta de l\u2019\u00c8bre, en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rant le corridor biologique n\u00e9cessaire au cycle de vie d\u2019esp\u00e8ces comme l\u2019anguille europ\u00e9enne (<em>Anguilla anguilla<\/em>), l\u2019alose feinte (<em>Alosa fallax<\/em>) et la lamproie marine (<em>Petromyzon marinus<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019\u00e9cluse de navigation<\/strong><br \/>\nSitu\u00e9e sur la rive droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique, c\u2019est une structure d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie qui permet aux embarcations de franchir les six m\u00e8tres de d\u00e9nivel\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s par le barrage. Elle garantit la continuit\u00e9 du trafic fluvial sur l\u2019\u00c8bre, tant pour les usages touristiques que pour l\u2019entretien, et r\u00e9tablit la route historique autrefois emprunt\u00e9e par les bateaux traditionnels (llaguts).<\/p>\n<p><strong>La centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique<\/strong><br \/>\nCon\u00e7ue dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 et mise en service en 2001, elle est situ\u00e9e au pied du barrage, sur la rive droite. Elle vise \u00e0 moderniser l\u2019exploitation hydro\u00e9lectrique du cours inf\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00c8bre. Elle fonctionne avec une chute d\u2019environ 6 m\u00e8tres qui actionne quatre turbines, transformant l\u2019\u00e9nergie de l\u2019eau en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, tout en maintenant la fonction d\u2019irrigation du barrage.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019eau est enti\u00e8rement restitu\u00e9e au fleuve sans perte de d\u00e9bit, et l\u2019\u00e9nergie produite est \u00e9vacu\u00e9e par une ligne souterraine d\u2019environ 400 m\u00e8tres jusqu\u2019au r\u00e9seau 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le site ib\u00e9rique de l\u2019Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nLa colline situ\u00e9e sur la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre, \u00e0 environ 60 m\u00e8tres de hauteur, constituait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un point strat\u00e9gique pour les premiers \u00e9tablissements humains. Sa position domine les plaines agricoles de Tivenys et Xerta et contr\u00f4le le fleuve, qui \u00e9tait autrefois la principale voie de communication entre la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 partir du VIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., un \u00e9tablissement ib\u00e9rique s\u2019y d\u00e9veloppa, se consolidant avec des structures d\u00e9fensives et urbaines, et atteignant son apog\u00e9e entre les Ve et IIIe si\u00e8cles av. J.-C. Au d\u00e9but du IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., il subit une destruction violente, probablement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence romaine, et fut progressivement abandonn\u00e9 au cours du IIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. Le site fut ensuite r\u00e9utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale et lors de la construction du barrage, conservant son importance strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le moulin \u00e0 farine<\/strong><br \/>\nLe moulin \u00e0 farine du barrage de Xerta-Tivenys, construit en 1575 \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de la ville de Tortosa, utilisait la force de l\u2019eau de l\u2019\u00c8bre pour actionner les meules et moudre le bl\u00e9 en farine.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale et l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire. Aujourd\u2019hui, il constitue l\u2019un des rares exemples d\u2019architecture industrielle de la Renaissance conserv\u00e9s en Catalogne, t\u00e9moignant de la relation historique entre le fleuve \u00c8bre et les activit\u00e9s productives du territoire.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5665\" data-end=\"5668\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5670\" data-end=\"5679\"><strong>ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Xerta-Tivenys Weir<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Xerta-Tivenys Weir is a historic hydraulic infrastructure located diagonally across the lower course of the Ebro River, between the municipalities of Xerta and Tivenys. It is an engineering work resulting from a very long construction sequence. Its origins date back to the Islamic period, when a first weir of about 6 metres in height was built (completed in the year 944).<\/p>\n<p>Over the centuries, the weir was reinforced and adapted to improve irrigation systems. In 1381, plans were made to use it to initiate irrigation canals, with construction of the left and right canals beginning shortly afterwards. However, these canals were not completed until the 19th and 20th centuries, after a long period of intermittent works.<\/p>\n<p>The current weir, consolidated in the mid-19th century, is approximately 310 metres long, 3.5 metres wide at the crest, 35 metres at the base, and about 6 metres high. Its diagonal orientation allows water to be diverted into both the right and left irrigation canals, while also facilitating the discharge of excess water that overflows through the central section. Each irrigation community is responsible for managing its respective canal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Irrigation canals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Right Canal of the Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nCompleted in 1857, it is the first major canal of the delta, originally designed for navigation between Amposta and La R\u00e0pita. It diverts water from the weir to the fields on the right bank of the Ebro (Baix Ebre and Montsi\u00e0 regions). It has a length of 52 km and an initial flow of 31 m\u00b3\/s, including a 10 km maritime canal section. In the delta plain, it branches into a network of irrigation ditches that supply water to around 15,200 hectares, mainly rice fields, which are the basis of the landscape and local economy. It ends in Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Left Canal of the Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurated in 1912 by King Alfonso XIII, this canal diverts water from the weir to the fields on the left bank of the Ebro, mainly in the Baix Ebre region. It is 35 km long and has an initial flow of 17 m\u00b3\/s. In the delta plain, it branches into a complex distribution network that irrigates around 12,700 hectares, playing a key role in the expansion of rice fields and the shaping of the characteristic delta landscape.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fish pass<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurated in October 2024, it is the largest in Catalonia, measuring 236 metres in length and 8 metres in usable width. The fish pass functions as a gently sloping ramp (2.7%), allowing migratory fish to overcome the obstacle posed by the weir and continue upstream.<\/p>\n<p>This infrastructure restores river continuity between Flix and the Ebro Delta, recovering the biological corridor necessary for the life cycle of species such as the European eel (<em>Anguilla anguilla<\/em>), the twaite shad (<em>Alosa fallax<\/em>), and the sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Navigation lock<\/strong><br \/>\nLocated on the right bank, next to the hydroelectric plant, it is an engineering structure that allows vessels to overcome the six-metre height difference created by the weir. This infrastructure ensures the continuity of river traffic on the Ebro, both for tourism and maintenance purposes, and restores the historic navigation route once used by traditional river boats (llaguts).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hydroelectric power plant<\/strong><br \/>\nDesigned in the 1990s and finished in 2001, it is located at the foot of the weir on the right bank. Its purpose is to modernize the hydroelectric use of the lower Ebro River. It operates with a head of about 6 metres, driving four turbines that convert the energy of the water into electricity, while maintaining the irrigation function of the weir.<\/p>\n<p>The water is fully returned to the river without any loss of flow, and the generated energy is transmitted through an underground line of approximately 400 metres to the 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa grid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Iberian settlement of the Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nThe hill located on the left bank of the Ebro River, about 60 metres high, was already a strategic point for the first human settlements. Its location dominates the agricultural plains of Tivenys and Xerta and controls the Ebro River, which in ancient times was the main communication route between the Mediterranean Sea and the inland Iberian Peninsula.<\/p>\n<p>From the 7th century BC, an Iberian settlement was established here, gradually developing defensive and urban structures and reaching its peak between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. At the beginning of the 3rd century BC, the settlement suffered a violent destruction, probably linked to Roman presence, and was gradually abandoned during the 2nd century BC. The site was later reused in the medieval period and again with the construction of the weir, maintaining its strategic importance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The flour mill<\/strong><br \/>\nThe flour mill of the Xerta-Tivenys Weir, built in 1575 on the initiative of the city of Tortosa, used the force of the Ebro River to drive millstones and grind wheat into flour.<\/p>\n<p>For centuries, it played a key role in the local economy and food supply. Today, it is one of the few examples of Renaissance industrial architecture preserved in Catalonia, bearing witness to the historical relationship between the Ebro River and the productive activities of the region.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column fusion-flex-align-self-stretch\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-center fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:20px;--awb-padding-left:20px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:100%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"VeusRiu\" class=\"fusion-container-anchor\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-4 fusion-flex-container has-pattern-background has-mask-background hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-padding-top:29px;--awb-padding-right:166px;--awb-padding-bottom:20px;--awb-padding-left:166px;--awb-padding-right-medium:30px;--awb-padding-left-medium:31px;--awb-padding-bottom-small:0px;--awb-background-color:var(--awb-color1);--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"awb-background-mask\" style=\"background-image:  url(data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,%3Csvg%20width%3D%221920%22%20height%3D%22954%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%3E%3Cg%20clip-path%3D%22url%28%23prefix__clip0_58_68%29%22%20fill%3D%22rgba%2837%2C185%2C206%2C1%29%22%3E%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%221663.56%22%20cy%3D%22206.967%22%20r%3D%22349.995%22%20transform%3D%22rotate%28-45%201663.56%20206.967%29%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1703.05%20674.96c-116.77%20154.952-336.57%20186.262-490.94%2069.933s-184.86-336.246-68.1-491.198l559.04%20421.265z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M1280.32%20918.549c-124.14%2071.672-282.874%2029.138-354.546-95.001-71.672-124.14-29.139-282.876%2094.996-354.548l259.55%20449.549z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3CclipPath%20id%3D%22prefix__clip0_58_68%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20d%3D%22M0%200h1920v954H0z%22%2F%3E%3C%2FclipPath%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);opacity: 0.14 ;transform: scale(-1, -1);mix-blend-mode:normal;\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row fusion-flex-align-items-flex-start fusion-flex-content-wrap\" style=\"width:104% !important;max-width:104% !important;margin-left: calc(-4% \/ 2 );margin-right: calc(-4% \/ 2 );\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-5 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:48px;--awb-padding-bottom:12px;--awb-padding-left:48px;--awb-padding-bottom-medium:0px;--awb-padding-right-small:0px;--awb-padding-left-small:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:0;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><div class=\"fusion-text fusion-text-2\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"103\"><strong>CASTELLANO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>El Azud de Xerta-Tivenys<\/strong><br \/>\nEl Azud de Xerta-Tivenys es una infraestructura hidr\u00e1ulica hist\u00f3rica situada en diagonal en el tramo bajo del r\u00edo Ebro, entre los municipios de Xerta y Tivenys. Es una obra de ingenier\u00eda fruto de una largu\u00edsima secuencia constructiva. Sus or\u00edgenes se remontan a la \u00e9poca isl\u00e1mica, cuando se construy\u00f3 un primer azud de unos 6 metros de altura (finalizado en el a\u00f1o 944).<\/p>\n<p>A lo largo de los siglos, el azud fue reforzado y adaptado para mejorar los sistemas de riego. En 1381 se proyect\u00f3 aprovecharlo para iniciar canales de riego, comenzando poco despu\u00e9s las obras del canal de la izquierda y del canal de la derecha. Sin embargo, estos canales no se completaron hasta los siglos XIX y XX, tras un periodo de obras intermitentes.<\/p>\n<p>El azud actual, consolidado a mediados del siglo XIX, tiene aproximadamente 310 metros de longitud, 3,5 metros de anchura en la coronaci\u00f3n, 35 metros en los cimientos y unos 6 metros de altura. Su orientaci\u00f3n diagonal permite derivar el agua hacia los canales de riego de la derecha y de la izquierda, al tiempo que facilita la evacuaci\u00f3n del exceso de agua que desborda por la parte central. Cada comunidad de regantes se encarga de la gesti\u00f3n de su canal correspondiente.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Canales de riego<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>El canal de la derecha del Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nFinalizado en 1857, es el primer gran canal del delta, concebido para la navegaci\u00f3n entre Amposta y La R\u00e0pita. Deriva el agua desde el azud hacia los campos de la margen derecha del Ebro (Baix Ebre y Montsi\u00e0). Tiene una longitud de 52 km y un caudal inicial de 31 m\u00b3\/s, incluyendo un tramo de canal mar\u00edtimo de 10 km. En la llanura deltaica se ramifica en una red de acequias que riegan unas 15.200 hect\u00e1reas, principalmente de arroz, base del paisaje y la econom\u00eda local. Finaliza en Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>El canal de la izquierda del Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurado en 1912 por el rey Alfonso XIII, deriva el agua del azud hacia los campos de la margen izquierda del Ebro, principalmente en la comarca del Baix Ebre. Tiene una longitud de 35 km y un caudal inicial de 17 m\u00b3\/s. En la llanura deltaica se ramifica en una compleja red de distribuci\u00f3n que permite regar unas 12.700 hect\u00e1reas, contribuyendo decisivamente a la expansi\u00f3n de los arrozales y a la configuraci\u00f3n del paisaje caracter\u00edstico del delta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La rampa de peces<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurada en octubre de 2024, es la m\u00e1s grande de Catalu\u00f1a, con 236 metros de longitud y 8 metros de anchura \u00fatil. Act\u00faa como un paso con pendiente suave (2,7%), permitiendo a los peces migradores superar el obst\u00e1culo del azud y continuar r\u00edo arriba.<\/p>\n<p>Esta infraestructura restablece la continuidad fluvial entre Flix y el Delta del Ebro, recuperando el corredor biol\u00f3gico necesario para el ciclo vital de especies como la anguila (Anguilla anguilla), la saboga (Alosa fallax) y la lamprea marina (Petromyzon marinus).<\/p>\n<p><strong>La esclusa de navegaci\u00f3n<\/strong><br \/>\nSituada en la margen derecha, junto a la central hidroel\u00e9ctrica, es una estructura de ingenier\u00eda que permite a las embarcaciones superar los seis metros de desnivel creados por el azud. Garantiza la continuidad del tr\u00e1fico fluvial en el Ebro, tanto para usos tur\u00edsticos como de mantenimiento, recuperando la ruta hist\u00f3rica de los antiguos lla\u00fcts.<\/p>\n<p><strong>La central hidroel\u00e9ctrica<\/strong><br \/>\nProyectada en la d\u00e9cada de 1990 y puesta en servicio en 2001, se sit\u00faa al pie de la presa, en la margen derecha del azud, para modernizar el aprovechamiento hidroel\u00e9ctrico del tramo bajo del Ebro. Opera con un salto de unos 6 metros que acciona cuatro turbinas, transformando la energ\u00eda del agua en electricidad, manteniendo la funci\u00f3n de riego.<\/p>\n<p>El agua se devuelve \u00edntegramente al r\u00edo, sin p\u00e9rdida de caudal, y la energ\u00eda generada se evacua mediante una l\u00ednea subterr\u00e1nea de unos 400 metros hasta la red de 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El poblado ib\u00e9rico del Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nEl cerro situado a la izquierda del r\u00edo Ebro, a unos 60 metros de altura, ya era un punto estrat\u00e9gico para los primeros asentamientos humanos. Su ubicaci\u00f3n domina las llanuras agr\u00edcolas de Tivenys y Xerta y controla el r\u00edo, antigua v\u00eda principal entre el Mediterr\u00e1neo y el interior.<\/p>\n<p>Desde el siglo VII a.C. se estableci\u00f3 un poblado ib\u00e9rico que se consolid\u00f3 con estructuras defensivas y urbanas, alcanzando su m\u00e1ximo desarrollo entre los siglos V y III a.C. A inicios del siglo III a.C. sufri\u00f3 una destrucci\u00f3n violenta, probablemente vinculada a la presencia romana, y fue abandonado progresivamente durante el siglo II a.C. Posteriormente fue reutilizado en \u00e9poca medieval.<\/p>\n<p><strong>El molino harinero<\/strong><br \/>\nEl molino harinero del azud, construido en 1575 por iniciativa de la ciudad de Tortosa, aprovechaba la fuerza del agua para moler trigo y producir harina.<\/p>\n<p>Durante siglos fue clave en la econom\u00eda local y el abastecimiento de alimentos, siendo hoy uno de los pocos ejemplos de arquitectura industrial renacentista conservados en Catalu\u00f1a.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"110\" data-end=\"113\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>FRAN\u00c7AIS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Le barrage de Xerta-Tivenys<\/strong><br \/>\nLe barrage de Xerta-Tivenys est une infrastructure hydraulique historique situ\u00e9e en diagonale dans le cours inf\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00c8bre, entre les communes de Xerta et Tivenys. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un ouvrage d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie issu d\u2019une tr\u00e8s longue s\u00e9quence de construction. Ses origines remontent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque islamique, lorsqu\u2019un premier barrage d\u2019environ 6 m\u00e8tres de hauteur fut construit (achev\u00e9 en l\u2019an 944).<\/p>\n<p>Au fil des si\u00e8cles, le barrage a \u00e9t\u00e9 renforc\u00e9 et adapt\u00e9 afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019irrigation. En 1381, il fut projet\u00e9 de l\u2019utiliser pour initier des canaux d\u2019irrigation, et les travaux du canal de gauche et du canal de droite commenc\u00e8rent peu apr\u00e8s. Toutefois, ces canaux ne furent achev\u00e9s qu\u2019aux XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles, apr\u00e8s une longue p\u00e9riode de travaux intermittents.<\/p>\n<p>Le barrage actuel, consolid\u00e9 au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle, mesure environ 310 m\u00e8tres de longueur, 3,5 m\u00e8tres de largeur en cr\u00eate, 35 m\u00e8tres \u00e0 la base et environ 6 m\u00e8tres de hauteur. Son orientation diagonale permet de d\u00e9river l\u2019eau vers les canaux d\u2019irrigation de droite et de gauche, tout en facilitant l\u2019\u00e9vacuation de l\u2019exc\u00e9dent d\u2019eau qui d\u00e9borde par la partie centrale. Chaque communaut\u00e9 d\u2019irrigants est responsable de la gestion de son canal respectif.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Canaux d\u2019irrigation<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Canal de la rive droite de l\u2019\u00c8bre<\/strong><br \/>\nAchev\u00e9 en 1857, il s\u2019agit du premier grand canal du delta, con\u00e7u \u00e0 l\u2019origine pour la navigation entre Amposta et La R\u00e0pita. Il d\u00e9rive l\u2019eau du barrage vers les champs de la rive droite de l\u2019\u00c8bre (comarques du Baix Ebre et du Montsi\u00e0). Il mesure 52 km de long et poss\u00e8de un d\u00e9bit initial de 31 m\u00b3\/s, incluant un tron\u00e7on de canal maritime de 10 km. Dans la plaine delta\u00efque, il se ramifie en un r\u00e9seau de canaux d\u2019irrigation qui alimentent environ 15 200 hectares, principalement de rizi\u00e8res, base du paysage et de l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale. Il se termine \u00e0 Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Canal de la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugur\u00e9 en 1912 par le roi Alphonse XIII, ce canal d\u00e9rive l\u2019eau du barrage vers les champs de la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre, principalement dans la comarca du Baix Ebre. Il mesure 35 km de long et poss\u00e8de un d\u00e9bit initial de 17 m\u00b3\/s. Dans la plaine delta\u00efque, il se divise en un r\u00e9seau complexe de distribution permettant d\u2019irriguer environ 12 700 hectares, contribuant de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9cisive \u00e0 l\u2019expansion des rizi\u00e8res et \u00e0 la formation du paysage caract\u00e9ristique du delta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>La passe \u00e0 poissons<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugur\u00e9e en octobre 2024, c\u2019est la plus grande de Catalogne, avec 236 m\u00e8tres de longueur et 8 m\u00e8tres de largeur utile. Elle fonctionne comme une rampe \u00e0 pente douce (2,7 %), permettant aux poissons migrateurs de franchir l\u2019obstacle du barrage et de poursuivre leur migration vers l\u2019amont.<\/p>\n<p>Cette infrastructure r\u00e9tablit la continuit\u00e9 fluviale entre Flix et le delta de l\u2019\u00c8bre, en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rant le corridor biologique n\u00e9cessaire au cycle de vie d\u2019esp\u00e8ces comme l\u2019anguille europ\u00e9enne (<em>Anguilla anguilla<\/em>), l\u2019alose feinte (<em>Alosa fallax<\/em>) et la lamproie marine (<em>Petromyzon marinus<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u2019\u00e9cluse de navigation<\/strong><br \/>\nSitu\u00e9e sur la rive droite, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique, c\u2019est une structure d\u2019ing\u00e9nierie qui permet aux embarcations de franchir les six m\u00e8tres de d\u00e9nivel\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9s par le barrage. Elle garantit la continuit\u00e9 du trafic fluvial sur l\u2019\u00c8bre, tant pour les usages touristiques que pour l\u2019entretien, et r\u00e9tablit la route historique autrefois emprunt\u00e9e par les bateaux traditionnels (llaguts).<\/p>\n<p><strong>La centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique<\/strong><br \/>\nCon\u00e7ue dans les ann\u00e9es 1990 et mise en service en 2001, elle est situ\u00e9e au pied du barrage, sur la rive droite. Elle vise \u00e0 moderniser l\u2019exploitation hydro\u00e9lectrique du cours inf\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00c8bre. Elle fonctionne avec une chute d\u2019environ 6 m\u00e8tres qui actionne quatre turbines, transformant l\u2019\u00e9nergie de l\u2019eau en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, tout en maintenant la fonction d\u2019irrigation du barrage.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019eau est enti\u00e8rement restitu\u00e9e au fleuve sans perte de d\u00e9bit, et l\u2019\u00e9nergie produite est \u00e9vacu\u00e9e par une ligne souterraine d\u2019environ 400 m\u00e8tres jusqu\u2019au r\u00e9seau 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le site ib\u00e9rique de l\u2019Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nLa colline situ\u00e9e sur la rive gauche de l\u2019\u00c8bre, \u00e0 environ 60 m\u00e8tres de hauteur, constituait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un point strat\u00e9gique pour les premiers \u00e9tablissements humains. Sa position domine les plaines agricoles de Tivenys et Xerta et contr\u00f4le le fleuve, qui \u00e9tait autrefois la principale voie de communication entre la mer M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 partir du VIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., un \u00e9tablissement ib\u00e9rique s\u2019y d\u00e9veloppa, se consolidant avec des structures d\u00e9fensives et urbaines, et atteignant son apog\u00e9e entre les Ve et IIIe si\u00e8cles av. J.-C. Au d\u00e9but du IIIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C., il subit une destruction violente, probablement li\u00e9e \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence romaine, et fut progressivement abandonn\u00e9 au cours du IIe si\u00e8cle av. J.-C. Le site fut ensuite r\u00e9utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque m\u00e9di\u00e9vale et lors de la construction du barrage, conservant son importance strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le moulin \u00e0 farine<\/strong><br \/>\nLe moulin \u00e0 farine du barrage de Xerta-Tivenys, construit en 1575 \u00e0 l\u2019initiative de la ville de Tortosa, utilisait la force de l\u2019eau de l\u2019\u00c8bre pour actionner les meules et moudre le bl\u00e9 en farine.<\/p>\n<p>Pendant des si\u00e8cles, il a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale et l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire. Aujourd\u2019hui, il constitue l\u2019un des rares exemples d\u2019architecture industrielle de la Renaissance conserv\u00e9s en Catalogne, t\u00e9moignant de la relation historique entre le fleuve \u00c8bre et les activit\u00e9s productives du territoire.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"5665\" data-end=\"5668\" \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"5670\" data-end=\"5679\"><strong>ENGLISH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Xerta-Tivenys Weir<\/strong><br \/>\nThe Xerta-Tivenys Weir is a historic hydraulic infrastructure located diagonally across the lower course of the Ebro River, between the municipalities of Xerta and Tivenys. It is an engineering work resulting from a very long construction sequence. Its origins date back to the Islamic period, when a first weir of about 6 metres in height was built (completed in the year 944).<\/p>\n<p>Over the centuries, the weir was reinforced and adapted to improve irrigation systems. In 1381, plans were made to use it to initiate irrigation canals, with construction of the left and right canals beginning shortly afterwards. However, these canals were not completed until the 19th and 20th centuries, after a long period of intermittent works.<\/p>\n<p>The current weir, consolidated in the mid-19th century, is approximately 310 metres long, 3.5 metres wide at the crest, 35 metres at the base, and about 6 metres high. Its diagonal orientation allows water to be diverted into both the right and left irrigation canals, while also facilitating the discharge of excess water that overflows through the central section. Each irrigation community is responsible for managing its respective canal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Irrigation canals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Right Canal of the Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nCompleted in 1857, it is the first major canal of the delta, originally designed for navigation between Amposta and La R\u00e0pita. It diverts water from the weir to the fields on the right bank of the Ebro (Baix Ebre and Montsi\u00e0 regions). It has a length of 52 km and an initial flow of 31 m\u00b3\/s, including a 10 km maritime canal section. In the delta plain, it branches into a network of irrigation ditches that supply water to around 15,200 hectares, mainly rice fields, which are the basis of the landscape and local economy. It ends in Sant Jaume d\u2019Enveja.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Left Canal of the Ebro<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurated in 1912 by King Alfonso XIII, this canal diverts water from the weir to the fields on the left bank of the Ebro, mainly in the Baix Ebre region. It is 35 km long and has an initial flow of 17 m\u00b3\/s. In the delta plain, it branches into a complex distribution network that irrigates around 12,700 hectares, playing a key role in the expansion of rice fields and the shaping of the characteristic delta landscape.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Fish pass<\/strong><br \/>\nInaugurated in October 2024, it is the largest in Catalonia, measuring 236 metres in length and 8 metres in usable width. The fish pass functions as a gently sloping ramp (2.7%), allowing migratory fish to overcome the obstacle posed by the weir and continue upstream.<\/p>\n<p>This infrastructure restores river continuity between Flix and the Ebro Delta, recovering the biological corridor necessary for the life cycle of species such as the European eel (<em>Anguilla anguilla<\/em>), the twaite shad (<em>Alosa fallax<\/em>), and the sea lamprey (<em>Petromyzon marinus<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Navigation lock<\/strong><br \/>\nLocated on the right bank, next to the hydroelectric plant, it is an engineering structure that allows vessels to overcome the six-metre height difference created by the weir. This infrastructure ensures the continuity of river traffic on the Ebro, both for tourism and maintenance purposes, and restores the historic navigation route once used by traditional river boats (llaguts).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hydroelectric power plant<\/strong><br \/>\nDesigned in the 1990s and finished in 2001, it is located at the foot of the weir on the right bank. Its purpose is to modernize the hydroelectric use of the lower Ebro River. It operates with a head of about 6 metres, driving four turbines that convert the energy of the water into electricity, while maintaining the irrigation function of the weir.<\/p>\n<p>The water is fully returned to the river without any loss of flow, and the generated energy is transmitted through an underground line of approximately 400 metres to the 110 kV Asc\u00f3\u2013Tortosa grid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Iberian settlement of the Assut<\/strong><br \/>\nThe hill located on the left bank of the Ebro River, about 60 metres high, was already a strategic point for the first human settlements. Its location dominates the agricultural plains of Tivenys and Xerta and controls the Ebro River, which in ancient times was the main communication route between the Mediterranean Sea and the inland Iberian Peninsula.<\/p>\n<p>From the 7th century BC, an Iberian settlement was established here, gradually developing defensive and urban structures and reaching its peak between the 5th and 3rd centuries BC. At the beginning of the 3rd century BC, the settlement suffered a violent destruction, probably linked to Roman presence, and was gradually abandoned during the 2nd century BC. The site was later reused in the medieval period and again with the construction of the weir, maintaining its strategic importance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The flour mill<\/strong><br \/>\nThe flour mill of the Xerta-Tivenys Weir, built in 1575 on the initiative of the city of Tortosa, used the force of the Ebro River to drive millstones and grind wheat into flour.<\/p>\n<p>For centuries, it played a key role in the local economy and food supply. Today, it is one of the few examples of Renaissance industrial architecture preserved in Catalonia, bearing witness to the historical relationship between the Ebro River and the productive activities of the region.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-6 fusion_builder_column_3_5 3_5 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:60%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:0%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:0%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:0%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:0%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:2;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-7 fusion_builder_column_1_2 1_2 fusion-flex-column\" style=\"--awb-padding-right:24px;--awb-padding-left:24px;--awb-padding-right-small:0px;--awb-padding-left-small:0px;--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-width-large:50%;--awb-margin-top-large:0px;--awb-spacing-right-large:3.84%;--awb-margin-bottom-large:0px;--awb-spacing-left-large:3.84%;--awb-width-medium:100%;--awb-order-medium:0;--awb-spacing-right-medium:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-medium:1.92%;--awb-width-small:100%;--awb-order-small:1;--awb-spacing-right-small:1.92%;--awb-spacing-left-small:1.92%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-justify-content-flex-start fusion-content-layout-column\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5688","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Plaf\u00f3 (5) Assut de Xerta - L&#039;Aube<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"El projecte \u201cLes veus del riu. 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